Modifica di Wikitravel:Come disegnare una mappa

{{da tradurre}}
In quest'era dei satelliti, non devi più necessariamente essere un cartografo professionista per fare una mappa dettagliata. Le istruzioni che seguono ti spiegheranno come creare le mappe Wikitravel standard utilizzando [http://www.sodipodi.com/ Sodipodi] oppure [http://inkscape.org Inkscape], entrambi gratuiti. Il processo, utilizzando programmi commerciali quali Illustrator, Freehand o CorelDraw è molto simile.

Un facile 'palette' di strumenti per creare mappe Wikitravel 'standard' lo trovi qui: [Wikitravel-attractions-box.svg|Wikitravel-attractions-box.svg] , devi solamente importarne una copia nella tua mappa e copiare e incollare da lì.

==Scegliere il tipo di mappa==
Le istruzioni che seguono coprono due tipi differenti di immagini:
*''Grandi'': una mappa singola per le destinazioni che necessitano i template Piccola o Grande città, questa mappa copre l'intera area e non è suddivisa in parti più piccole.

* ''Distretto'': Una mappa per le città veramente grandi, che copre un'area molto grande (più dello schermo) ed è divisa in diversi distretti.

==Convertire le immagini satellitare con la griglia delle strade==
Il primo passo è ottenere un'immagine satellitare della località che hai scelto. Individua la sezione che vuoi trasformare in mappa, ad un altezza di circa 1500 piedi, e inserisci una puntina al centro. Salva l'immagine. Utilizza le frecce della tastiera per navigare geograficamente, inserendo nuove puntine ecc.

Poi, importa l'immagine del satellite nel tuo programma di grafica e allineale. Puoi controllare che le immagini abbiano scala identica cliccando con il tasto destro su ogni immagine e inserendo le misure in Proprietà.

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Poi, posiziona i viali principali sulla base dei dati satellitari. Usa lo strumento penna Bezier, con il colore del tratto impostato su "ffffffff",e senza colore di riempimento. Imposta l'unità di misura per la larghezza del tratto su millimetri e impostala su 1.60mm per le strade principali, which can be adjusted up or down later.  You may find the Bezier tool a little unwieldly if you don't have graphics program experience, but experiment for a while and you'll soon be able to lay out beautiful curves; the "Edit path nodes" tool (F2) can be used to delete or tweak points in the curve.

''District'': Work out the rough area of the district, again with this Bezier pen.  This time the stroke color is off, and the fill color is "c0c0c0ff".  Opening the "item properties" menu, rename the resulting object to "(area)_light_gray_background" where "(area)" is the area being highlighted.   Push it behind the avenues, but above the satellite images.  Finally, create a dark gray "8e908dff" rectangle as background, covering all the satellite images but not district.

''Standalone'': Create a light gray "c0c0c0ff" rectangle as background, covering all the satellite images. 

Push the background created above to the back of the object stack and bring it up until it covers all satellite pictures and nothing else.  Your base map is now complete, from here you can work completely by eye.

==Fill out the details==
The next step is to layout the rest of the streets of the given area. Again, use the Bezier pen, with no fill color, stroke color of "ffffffff" and usually a width of 1.20mm.  Pedestrian streets, including major pathways through parks, should use the stroke color "d0cb75ff" instead.  Vary the width as necessary for the size of the street.  This work is best done completely by eye; the main technique being to try to match the shapes of the negative spaces between the streets according to several maps.  Where the maps disagree, refer back to satellite imagery to verify.

Next, lay out the green spaces, again using the Bezier pen, this time with fill color "89c736ff", stroke color "003857ff", and stroke width of 0.05mm.  Zoom in as close as necessary to get this right.  If the green area fills up an entire city block between streets, you can set stroke off, draw the area so it overlaps the streets, and then just push the layer down.

After the green spaces, put in the public buildings and major landmarks.  For these the fill color is "bdb580ff", the stroke color is "000000ff" and the stroke width is again 0.05mm.

The last graphical elements are any water features, fountains etc.  For these, use the fill color "9ccec9ff", stroke color "7fb5b5ff" and a variable stroke width depending on the situation.

The final step is adding the street names, starting with major boulevards.  The recommended font is the free version of [http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/typodermic/blue-highway-deluxe/ Blue Highway] by Ray Larabie.  The font is included in Knoppix, and Mandrake Linux. You can also find it in this [http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/non-free/t/ttf-larabie/ttf-larabie_20011216.orig.tar.gz tarball] of fonts on the Debian FTP server.

The street names are not black, but gray:  the fill color setting is "585858ff".  This sets the attraction names and plaza names off better. Try to use the biggest point size for each street name label which you can get away with, the biggest being about 6pts.  The exact measurements will change based on the scale of your map of course.

==Annotate the map==
Your street map is now ready, now it's time to turn it into a travel guide.

Create a box to hold all the attractions covered by your map: this should be just a white rectangle ("ffffffff") with black edges ("000000ff", 0.05 mm edges) filled with the standard icons from [[Wikitravel:Common map symbols]].

Take all the entries of the Wikitravel article and start placing them in the map.  Ideally, of course, you'll know exactly where everything goes already but an online address locator like [http://maps.google.com/ Google Maps] is very handy for refreshing your memory.  As you place each entry in the map, also record the names and numbers into the entry listing box.  If you use the standard icons from the template (and you should), you can change the numbers just by selecting the text tool, clicking on top of the icon and then editing the number; note that it's usually faster to lay out all the icons first and then number them as the final step.

To create an [[Wikitravel:Itineraries|itinerary map]], create a new layer and place it just above the Streets layer.  Draw a Bezier curve showing the route, then set it to pure red ("ff0000ff"), thickness 0.4 mm, style dashed, beginning stroke marker "Dot_m", mid-marker "Arrow2Send", end marker "SquareM".

==Export the finished map==
As SVG cannot be handled as is by most browsers, you should export a copy to PNG.  Select the light gray background, and then in the export window choose Selection and enter an appropriate width in pixels &mdash; 1000 pixels is usually reasonable, as it will give a good result when printed and is still viewable on a monitor.  You'll put a smaller thumbnail of the map in the article itself.

To optimize the resulting raw dump, load it up in an image editor like [http://www.gimp.org Gimp] and choose Image&rarr;Mode&rarr;Indexed Color dialog.  Set the number of colors to 64, turn off dithering and save the image.  Usually the image size is about 1/6th of what it was before reducing the color set, and the quality is barely changed.

==Tips and tricks==
* Use the ''edit path nodes'' tool (F2) for manipulating streets, since this keeps the stroke width constant.
* To extend a street, select it with edit path nodes tool and then choose the Bezier tool.  Any nodes you add will become a part of the same object.
* Use ALT-cursor keys to 'nudge' objects into the right place.
* Objects can be combined into layers, which can be made visible or invisible by clicking on the "eye" icon.  The following layer stack makes it easy to 'peel part' various components of a map: background - satellite data - area highlight - street map - area annotations.-->



[[en:Wikitravel:How to draw a map]]
[[nl:Wikitravel:Hoe een plattegrond maken]]