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| ; Came : Aala | | ; Came : Aala |
| ; Will come : Aail | | ; Will come : Aail |
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| + | == Conversation == |
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| ; Hello. : नमस्कार ( ''na-ma-skA-r'' ) | | ; Hello. : नमस्कार ( ''na-ma-skA-r'' ) |
Quick Stats
- Official language of : Maharashtra & Goa, India
- Speakers : 90 million
- Native : 70 million
- Non-native : 20 million
- Family : Indo Aryan
- Script : Devanagari
- ISO 639-1 Code : mr
- ISO 639-2/3 Code: mar
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Marathi is the main language of Maharashtra, India. Marathi is written in the Devanagari script, like Hindi and some other Indian languages. It is the 4th most widely-spoken language in India, after Hindi, Bengali and Telugu. Regional literature in Marathi dates back to around 1000 AD.
Marathi grammar is largely based on Sanskrit and Pali. Around 60% or more of the nouns in Marathi are derived directly from Sanskrit. Also, Marathi shares many words with Hindi. Unlike Hindi but like Sanskrit, Marathi has not 2 but 3 genders: masculine, feminine and neutral. Figuring out the gender of a word can sometimes be difficult, especially for English speakers.
Goa was a Portuguese colony from the 16th to the 18th century, as a result of which Marathi has had influence from the Portuguese language. बटाटा (ba-tA-tA, potato) is a common example used in everyday speech.
Pronunciation guide
See Learning Devanagari for detailed information on the subject. Marathi is nearly 100% phonetic, so pronunciation is not as much of a problem as it may seem at first glance. Anglophones tend to pronounce आ as in cat or bat. This sound is non-existent in Marathi, and you will not be easily understood if you pronounce it this way. Vowels are added to consonants, similar to other Devanagari languages, but picking up the Devanagari script is not that essential. You will manage fine with the romanization used in this phrasebook.
Vowels
In Marathi, vowels are added to consonants. Most of them are easy to pronounce, ऋ and ॠ are slightly challenging. Marathi vowels retain much of their original Sanskrit pronunciation making some of them different from their Hindi counterparts. A notable example is औ (au), pronounced as owl in Marathi but as Oxford in Hindi. ऑ (Ao) is a special vowel used for loan English words, and is pronounced as in doctor.
Devanagari
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Tranileration used here
|
Examples
|
अ |
a |
as in allow
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आ |
A |
as in hard
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इ |
i |
as in hit
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ई |
I |
as in mean
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उ |
u |
as in put
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ऊ |
U |
as in hoot
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ऋ |
tR |
as in Brr! It's cold + a small u sound
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ॠ |
TR |
similar to ऋ, slightly longer
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लृ |
ltR |
as in life + ऋ
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ए |
e |
as in main
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ऐ |
ai |
as in fight
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ओ |
o |
as in Oh my God
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औ |
au |
as in owl
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अः |
aH |
as in huh?
|
Consonants
Many Marathi consonants come in three different forms: aspirated, unaspirated and retroflex.
Aspiration means with a puff of air, and is the difference between the sound of the letter p in English pin (aspirated) and spit (unaspirated). Retroflex consonants, on the other hand, are not really found in English. They should be pronounced with the tongue tip curled back. Practice with a native speaker, or just pronounce as usual — you'll usually still get the message across.
Devanagari
|
Transliteration
|
Equivalent/Comments
|
क |
k |
as in skip.
|
ख |
kh |
as in sinkhole.
|
ग |
g |
as in go.
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घ |
gh |
as in doghouse.
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ङ |
G |
as in sing. Used only in Sanskrit loan words, does not occur independently.
|
च |
ch |
as in church.
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छ |
Ch |
as in pinchhit.
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ज |
j |
as in jump.
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झ |
jh |
as in dodge her.
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ञ |
nY |
as in canyon. Used only in Sanskrit loan words, does not occur independently.
|
ट |
t |
as in tick. Retroflex, but still a hard t sound similar to English.
|
ठ |
T |
as in lighthouse. Retroflex
|
ड |
d |
as in doom. Retroflex
|
ढ |
D |
as in mudhut. Retroflex
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ण |
N |
retroflex n, as in grand.
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त |
th |
does not exist in English. more dental t, with a bit of a th sound. Softer than an English t.
|
थ |
Th |
aspirated version of the previous letter, not as in thanks or the.
|
द |
dh |
dental d.
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ध |
Dh |
aspirated version of the above.
|
न |
n |
dental n.
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प |
p |
as in spin.
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फ |
ph |
as in uphill.
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ब |
b |
as in be.
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भ |
bh |
as in abhor.
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म |
m |
as in mere.
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य |
y |
as in yet.
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र |
r |
as in Spanish pero, a tongue trip. Don't roll as in Spanish rr, German or Scottish English.
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ऱ |
R |
as in ready. slightly different from the above.
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ल |
l |
as in lean.
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ळ |
L |
as in Norwegian farlig. Retroflex lateral approximent
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व |
v |
as in Spanish vaca, between English v and w, but without the lip rounding of an English w.
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श |
sh |
as in shoot.
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ष |
Sh |
almost indistinguishable retroflex of the above. slightly more aspirated.
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स |
s |
as in see.
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ह |
h |
as in him.
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Phrase list
Basics
- I
- Mi
- You
- Tu
- We
- Aamhi
- He
- To
- She
- Tee
- It
- Te
- This
- Ha, Hee, He
- That
- To, Tee, Te
- Come
- Ye
- Came
- Aala
- Will come
- Aail
Conversation
- Hello.
- नमस्कार ( na-ma-skA-r )
- How are you? (to a male)
- तू कसा आहेस? ( thU ka-sA A-he-s )
- How are you? (to a female)
- तू कशी आहेस? ( thU ka-shI A-he-s )
- How are you? (formal)
- आपण कसे आहात? ( A-pa-N ka-she A-hA-th )
- Fine, thank you.
- मी ठीक आहे ( mI TI-k A-he )
- What is your name?
- तुझं नाव काय आहे? ( thu-jha nA-v kA-y A-he )
- What is your name? (formal)
- आपले नाव काय आहे? ( A-pa-le nA-v kA-y A-he )
- My name is XYZ.
- माझं नाव XYZ आहे ( mA-zha nA-v XYZ A-he )
- Nice to meet you.
- तुम्हाला भेटून आनंद झाला ( thu-mhA-lA bhe-tU-n A-na-ndha jhA-lA )
- Please.
- कृपया ( ktR-pa-yA )
- Thank you.
- धन्यवाद ( Dha-nya-vA-dh )
- You're welcome.
- आपले स्वागत आहे ( A-pa-le svA-ga-tha A-he )--it is a literal welcome and not something you would say in response to "thank you"
- Yes.
- हो ( ho )
- No.
- नाही ( nA-hI )
- Excuse me.
-
- Excuse me. (begging pardon)
- . ( )
- I'm sorry.
- मला माफ करा ( ma-lA mA-f ka-rA )
- Goodbye
- ("we'll meet again") पुन्हा भेटू ( pU-nhA bhe-tU )
- I can't speak Marathi
- मला मराठी बोलता येत नाही ( ma-lA ma-rA-TI bo-la-thA ye-th nA-hI )
- Do you speak English?
- तुम्हाला इंग्रजी येते का? ( thu-mhA-lA I-ngra-jI ye-the kA? )
- Is there someone here who speaks English?
- इथे कुणाला इंग्रजी येते का? ( i-The ku-NA-lA I-ngra-jI ye-the kA )
- Help
- मदत ( ma-dha-th )
- Look out!
- ("careful!") ! (sA-va-kA-sh)
- Good night.
- शुभ रात्री ( shu-bha rA-thrI )
- I don't understand.
- मला समजत नाही ( ma-lA sa-ma-ja-tha nA-hI )
- Say it again.
- पुन्हा सांगा! (pu-nhA sA-nGA)
Numbers
1 Ek एक
2 don दोन
3 tIn तीन
4 ch-ar चार
5 pa-ch पाच
6 sa-ha सहा
7 saa-th सात
8 aa-th आठ
9 nau नऊ
10 da-ha दहा
11 aka-raa
12 baa-raa
13 te-raa
14 chav-daa
15 pan-dha-raa
16 so-laa
17 sa-ta-raa
18 atha-raa
19 ako-nis
20 vees
21 ek-vees
22 ba-vees
Time
Clock time
Duration
- How much time?
- किती वेळ? ( ki-thI ve-La )
- What time is it?
- किती वाजले? ( ki-thI wA-jle )
- Hour
- तास ( thA-sa )
- Half an hour
- अर्धा तास ( A-DhA thA-sa )
- 15 minutes
- पाव तास ( pA-va thA-sa )
- 45 minutes
- पाउण तास ( pA-u-Na thA-sa )
Days
- Monday
- सोमवार ( so-mavA-ra )
- Tuesday
- मंगळवार ( ma-Gga-La-vA-ra )
- Wednesday
- बुधवार ( bu-Dha-vA-ra )
- Thursday
- गुरुवार ( gu-ru-vA-ra )
- Friday
- शुक्रवार ( shu-kra-vA-ra )
- Saturday
- शनिवार ( sha-ni-vA-ra )
- Sunday
- रविवार ( ra-vi-vA-ra )
Months
Months for marathi calendar are different than English calendar.
Chaitra,Vaishak,Jeshtha,Ashad,Shravan,Bhadrapad,Ashwin,Kartik,Margashish,Paush,Magh,Falgun.
However, The Julian calendar is used in Maharashtra as well as the rest of India for everyday purposes, and therefore the English names for months are understood by native Marathi speakers.
Writing time and date
- Date
- तारीख ( tA-rI-kha )
- Time
- वेळ ( ve-la )
Colors
- Red
- लाल ( lA-la )
- Green
- हिरवा ( hi-ra-vA )
- Blue
- निळा ( ni-LA )
- Black
- काळा ( kA-lA )
- White
- पांढरा ( pAn-Dha-rA )
- Yellow
- पिवळा ( pi-va-LA )
- Orange
- नारंगी ( nA-ra-GgI )
Transportation
- Car
- गाडी ( gA-di )
Bus and train
- Bus
- बस ("ba-sa") or गाडी ( gA-di ) (Same as car)
Directions
Left: डावा ; Dawa
Right: उजवा; Ujwa
UP: वर; var
Down: खाली Khali
Left Side: डावी कडे Dawikade
Right side: उजवी कडे Ujwikade
upside: वरती Varti
downside: खालती Khalti
Taxi
Lodging
Money
Eating
Breakfast
- नाश्ता ( nA-shthA )
Food
- जेवण ( je-va-na )
Water
- पाणी ( pA-nI )
Ice
- बर्फ ( ba-rphA )
Tea
- चहा ( cha-hA )
Sugar
- साखर ( sA-kha-ra )
Milk
- दूध ( dhU-Dha )
Fruit
- फळ ( pha-la )
Vegetable
- भाजी ( bhA-jI )
Rice
- भात ( bhA-tha )
Bars
Shopping
Driving
Authority