Devon

Devon [3] (also known, far less commonly, as "Devonshire") is a large county in England's West Country, bordered to the west by Cornwall and to the east by Dorset and Somerset. Uniquely amongst English counties, Devon has two separate coastlines: to the south, on the English Channel and to the north, on the Irish Sea and Bristol Channel. These are studded with resort towns, harbours and (more recently) surfing beaches. Devon is also home to two National Parks - Dartmoor and Exmoor* - and includes the island of Lundy in the Bristol Channel / Irish Sea. N.B. Exmoor is shared with Somerset, which has the larger share.

Ilfracombe In Devon

Cities

Map of Devon

Cities

• Exeter - cathedral and university city, county town of Devon
• Plymouth - largest city in Devon

Towns

• Axminster
• Barnstaple
• Beer
• Bideford - ferry to Lundy
• Bovey Tracey
• Chagford
• Crediton
• Dartmouth
• Exmouth
• Ilfracombe - ferry to Lundy
• Lynton and Lynmouth
• Newton Abbot
• Paignton
• Princetown
• Sidmouth - conservation regency town by the sea
• Tavistock
• Teignmouth
• Tiverton
• Torquay
• Totnes - has a lively arts scene.
• Westward Ho!
• Woolacombe

Villages

• Frogmore
• Hittisleigh
• Lympstone
• Princetown
• Stockland

Other destinations

• Buckfast Abbey in Buckfastleigh
• The island of Lundy
• Dartmoor National Park, a huge area of moorland occupying much of the centre of the county.
• Exmoor National Park - whereas two thirds of this is in Somerset. the part in Devon contains some great scenery.

Understand

The name "Devon" derives from the Celtic people who inhabited the southwest of Britain at the time of the Roman invasion, the Dumnonii. Devon's flag is green, with a black and white cross.

Devon has produced tin, copper and other metals throughout its history. Tin was found in the granite of Dartmoor, and copper in the areas around the moor. In the eighteenth century, Devon Great Consols mine (near Tavistock) was believed to be the largest copper mine in the world.

Devon has the highest coastline in southern England and Wales on it's Exmoor seaboard. The "hob-backed" hills of the exmoor national park tumble down to the coast on Devon's Bristol Channel coast, culminating at the awesome "Great Hangman", a 318m (1043ft) hill with a cliff-face of 250m (820ft), while the "Little Hangman" has a cliff-face of 218m (716ft). The best way to see these cliffs is from a boat trip from Ilfracombe or (occcassionally) Lynmouth or Swansea; the ferry sevice from Penarth in South Wales to Ilfracombe also passes by this massive coastline (see below).

Devon's Hartland point is the south-west limit of the Bristol Channel; in other words where the Bristol Channel meets the atlantic ocean. The northern limit is St Anne's Head in Pembrokeshire, forty-eight miles from Hartland Point.

Many of the rocks that make up Devon are exceptional geological specimens consisting of the geological period between 416 million years ago and 360 million years ago. It was in homage to this that the period was called the Devonian.

Devon's Geological Sites include:

• Dawlish Sea Wall, fine examples of wind blown 'Young Red Sandstone' deposits with Langstone rock, a 250 million year old Conglomerate rock
• Exeter Castle is situated on an old volcano (volcanic rocks were used in the construction of the Roman buildings) and there are fine exposures of Limestone in Torquay

Along with its nearby neighbours of North Cornwall and the Gower Peninsula, North Devon's magnificently curved Bideford Bay is one the top surfing attractions in the UK, mainly because just like Cornwall and Gower, Bideford Bay faces westward into the vast Atlantic Ocean. The main surf areas are the white-sand beaches of Woolacombe, Putsborough, Croyde, Staunton and Westward Ho! Croyde in particular is rated as one of the best breaks in the West Country, as at low tide it boasts fast, hollow waves - just like Fistral or Langland's Bay Crab Island. Be warned however - in the summer Croyde gets extremely congested (both beach and village) and the car parking prices can seem unreasonable in the extreme. Fortunately, nearby Woolacombe and Staunton offer plenty of parking spaces and beach space.

The larger towns and cities in Devon have small but developing lesbian and gay communities, notably in Plymouth, Torquay and Exeter. Plymouth and Exeter have annual Pride events. In the more rural areas of Devon homophobia can be common and discretion is advised.

The Devon County Council Site [4] has more information on Geological Tourism

Get in

By train

Exeter has two main train stations, St. Davids (where most long-distance services call,) and Central. Central, unsurprisingly, is closer to the centre of town, but the two are within a short walk of one another.

If visiting from Cornwall, the railway will take you across the Royal Albert Bridge from Saltash (in Cornwall) into Devon. When crossing this bridge, you will enjoy marvelous views of the River Tamar, which it crosses.

If visiting from the south, the railway line between London (Waterloo) and Exeter via Salisbury will transport you into east Devon, with connections with other parts of Devon at Exeter (St Davids station).

If visiting from Somerset and places north of London and Bristol, the Great Western Main Line will take you to Tiverton Parkway station (a few miles away from Tiverton itself) and then to Exeter. It will then carry on to Newton Abbot (where the line to Torquay and Paignton diverges from the main line) to Plymouth and then to Cornwall.

By road

The M5 is the only motorway to enter Devon. Coming from Bristol from the north-east, it terminates in Exeter, where it continues on as the A38 towards Plymouth and into Cornwal. It also branches off north at Exeter onto the A30 which serves North Devon via Okehampton and then carries on into Cornwall.

The M5 can get very congested during the popular holiday periods and it only takes an accident to bring the whole route to a standstill. If you are travelling to Devon by car it is recommended that you travel either early in the morning or later at night to avoid the holiday build up.

There is a once-daily Megabus service to Exeter from London Victoria (and vice versa,) but this ultra-economy service can be very uncomfortable and very late.

A park and ride service is available, see National Park and Ride Directory [5]

By boat

It is possible to travel to Ilfracombe in North Devon from Penarth and Swansea in South Wales on the paddle steamers Waverly and Balmoral. The Penarth to Ilfracombe journey is particularly scenic, as you also get to see the picturesque towns of Lynton, Lynmouth, the "Valley of the Rocks" and the awesome Great Hangman (the highest cliff in Devon at 318m). Leisurely traveling to Devon on a paddle steamer is certainly superior to driving there on the often congested M5!!! There is also a strong possibility of a fast catermaran Ilfracombe ferry [6] to Swansea in a year or two's time.

By plane

There are two principal airports in Devon.

• Exeter International, is the largest airport in Devon and has regular scheduled flights to cities such as Paris CDG, Amsterdam, Manchester, Dublin, Edinburgh, Newcastle and Glasgow as well as charter and scheduled services to Spain. There are also seasonal services from Germany, Croatia, Switzerland and regional cities in France. [7]

• Plymouth Airport, which services regional flights from Gatwick, Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow, Bristol, Dublin, Cork, Jersey and Guernsey. [8]

Get around

Latitudes and Longitudes in Devon can be obtained from an interactive travel map at Stairway to Devon [9].

By bus

Devon County Council has the most uptodate information on buses serving all of Devon. [10]

See

• Dartmoor National Park [11]
• Exmoor National Park [12]
• the Dorset and East Devon Coast, or Jurassic Coast [13], a World Heritage site
• Lundy Island [14], an island in the Bristol Channel, an important conservation site with England's only statutory Marine Nature Reserve
• Buckfast Abbey [15]

• Devon's Crealy Great Adventure Park, Crealy Great Adventure Park, Sidmouth Road, Exeter, Devon, EX5 1DR, ☎ 01395 233 200, [1]. Great family days out at Devon's top theme park.
• Fly Fishing, ☎ +44 (0) 1363 82786, [2]. The rivers around Devon have Trout, Sea Trout and Salmon. Guides can provide equipment & instruction on fly fishing for all experience levels. For Dartmoor and South Devon there is flyfishing devon [16]

Eat

• The cream tea, involving scones, jam and clotted cream, is a local speciality which is thought to have originated from Tavistock over a thousand years ago [17](although neighbouring counties also claim it); in many countries, however, this combination is known as Devonshire Tea. It is also popular in Cornwall with the only real difference being the order in which it is spread. In Devon the prefferred method is cream first then the jam, whereas in Cornwall it is the other way around [18]

• The pasty, a filled pastry case differing from a pie in that it is made by placing the filling on a flat pastry shape, usually a circle, and folding it to wrap the filling, crimping the edge to form a seal. The result is a raised semicircular package. The traditional pasty is filled with beef, sliced potato, turnip or swede (also known as a rutabaga) and onion and then baked. The origins of the pasty are hotly contested between Devon and Cornwall with both sides claiming the fame. Either way, the pasty is a traditional West Country recipe and is worth trying if you are visiting.

• South Devon Crab is regarded as some of the best in the world and its stocks are plentiful and sustainably fished. There are plenty of fantastic restaurants, cafes and pubs to try this local produce.

A useful foodies site for Devon is located here [19]

Drink

• Cider- Really traditional Devon scrumpy (scrumpy being the name for farm cider) looks like bright orange juice with bits of apple floating in it. It is made using Devon apples, cider mills and cider presses. Traditionally, scrumpy was made using the wind fall apples. They would be bruised, and not suitable for eating or cooking. However a windfall apple is just right for scrumpy, they would not be quite ripe, so would be sharper and drier. They would have impurities from the ground, which helped fermentation. Scrumpy tends to be quite strong in alcohol and requires a certain degree of caution if you aren't used to drinking it (it can act as a laxative).

• Beer - Devon is very well served for microbreweries with 29 breweries that were active in the county. The Campaign for Real Ale or CAMRA has details of Devon breweries. [20]

• Gin - Plymouth Original Strength Gin is 41.2% alcohol by volume. It has a distinctively different, slightly less dry flavour than the much more commonly available London Dry Gin, as it contains a higher than usual proportion of root ingredients, which bring a more 'earthy' feel to the gin, as well as a smoother juniper hit. There is also a 'navy strength' variety available which is 57% alcohol by volume (100° English proof), being the traditional strength demanded by the British Royal Navy as this was the proof that would not prevent gunpowder from igniting, should it be compromised by spilled spirit

Stay safe

Devon is a very safe place to live and visit. Crime levels are well below the average for England in part a reflection of Devon's rural population distribution.

Get out

The county of Cornwall lies to the west of Devon, Dorset and Somerset to the east and north.

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