Frasario norvegese: differenze tra le versioni

Versione attuale delle 11:54, 30 mag 2010

Questo articolo fa parte della sezione: Tematiche turistiche.

Il norvegese è parlato in Norvegia. Strettamente legato al danese ed allo svedese, la maggior parte dei parlanti delle tre lingue sono in grado di capirsi tra loro senza troppe difficoltà.

Ci sono due ufficiali varianti del norvegese scritto: Il Bokmål ed il Nynorsk. Le differenze sono minime, ma importanti per molti norvegesi. Il Bokmål è il più comune, ed è un evoluzione del danese. Il Nyorsk è una forma scritta standard, sviluppata da Ivar Aasen, un insegnante e linguista. Aasen viaggiò per gran parte del paese, eccetto nelle zone dell'est, perchè riteneva che quelle zone fossero state influenzate troppo pesantemente dal danese. Tra il 1848 e il 1855, Aasen pubblicò una grammatica, un dizionario, esempi di dialetto, e una serie di letture su come sviluppò il Nyosk(chiamate landsmål). Un riassunto della situazione della lingua si può trovare nel seguente link: http://odin.dep.no/odin/engelsk/norway/history/032005-990497/index-dok000-b-n-a.html

Nel 2003, circa il 15% degli alunni delle scuole elementari erano in distretti scolastici in cui è stato insegnato il Nyorsk come standard di lingua scritta.

Esistono anche molte variazioni della lingua parlata del Norvegese (dialetti), che possono essere davvero molto difficili da capire anche per i norvegesi stessi. Grazioe a Tv, radio ed altri mezzi di comunicazione di massa, la situazione si sta via via normalizzando verso una lingua sempre più simile alla lingua scritta (Bokmål or Nynorsk).

[Modifica sezione] Pronunciation Guide

Lo spelling norvegese è semplice e regolare (rispetto all inglese per esempio), ma come la maggior parte delle lingue, sfortunatamente non completamente regolare.

[Modifica sezione] Vowels

Each vowel can be pronounced either as "long" or "short". A "short" vowel will almost always be followed by a double consonant (i.e. two similar consonants, such as ll or tt). A long vowel is not.

For example, in Norwegian "it" will be pronounced as in eet, whereas "itt" will be pronounced as English it.

(There are some exceptions to this rule: if the consonant is followed by another consonant, it does not always need to be doubled to make the vowel short.)

The Norwegian vowels are pronounced in almost the same way as in German. There are three additional vowels. æ (Æ), ø (Ø), and å (Å). Here's the full list:

a 

like 'a' in "father"

e 

like 'e' in "where" (but like æ if it is followed by a double consonant)

i 

like 'i' in "pin"

o (short) 

like o in how the British say "lord"

o (long) 

like 'oo' in "spooky"

u 

like 'oo' in "foot"

y 

like 'i' in "pin" (but darker; y doesn't correspond to any sound in English. English speakers may have difficulty distinguishing Norwegian's i and y. It's similar to German ü or French u.) One starts with making the "o" sound with one's lips but saying the "ee" sound in "steel".

æ 

like 'a' in "hat"

ø 

like 'u' in how the British say "burn". One starts with e and rounds one's lips to produce ø.

å 

like 'o' in how the British say "lord"

[Modifica sezione] Consonants

b 

like 'b' in "book"

c 

like 'c' in "cat" (mostly foreign words)

d 

like 'd' in "dog", silent at end of syllable or at end of word.

f 

like 'f' in "face"

g 

like 'g' in "good", but like 'y' in "yes" before i or j, silent at the end of some words

h 

like 'h' in "hat", silent before j or v

j 

like 'y' in "yes"

k 

like 'k' in "keep", but like 'ch' in German "ich" before i or j (IPA Template:IPA)

l 

like 'l' in "late"

m 

like 'm' in "mouse"

n 

like 'n' in "nice"

p 

like 'p' in "push"

q 

like 'q' in "quick" (mostly foreign words)

r 

like 'r' in "feather" (very soft, as in German) (many different variations ranging from Spanish to French sounding.)

s 

like 's' in "sun" (not like 'z' in "zap")

t 

like 't' in "top", silent at the end of some words

v 

like 'v' in "viper"

w 

like 'w' in "water" (mostly foreign words)

x 

like 'x' in "box" (mostly foreign words), generally spelled with ks

z 

like 'z' in "zipper" (officially), but usually pronounced like 's' in "sun" (mostly foreign words)

[Modifica sezione] Diphthongs and two letter combinations

ei 

like 'a' in "babe" (æ-i)

ai 

like 'i' in "pine" (a-i)

au 

like 'ou' in "mouse" (a-u), or like 'o' in "so" (æ-u)

oi 

like 'oy' in "boy" (å-y)

øy 

like 'ooey' in "gooey" (ø-y)

sj 

like 'sh' in "shirt"

skj 

like 'sh' in "shirt"

kj 

like 'ch' in "change"

hj 

like 'y' in "yes"

hv 

like 'v' in "victory"

lj 

like 'y' in "yes" (rare)

[Modifica sezione] Exceptions

de 

(the bokmål word, meaning "they") : like "dee" in "deer" (just as a whole word)

jeg 

(the bokmål word, meaning "I") : like "Ya" in "Yale" or "yay"

og 

(the bokmål and nynorsk word for "and") : like 'o' in "lord" (just as a whole word)

[Modifica sezione] Phrase list

[Modifica sezione] Basics

Good morning. 

God morgen. (goh moh-ohrn) - God morgon. ("Go' Morgon")

Good evening. 

God kveld. (goh kvel)

Good night (to sleep) 

God natt. (goh naht)

Hello. (informal) 

Hei. (hay)

How are you? 

Hvordan går det? (vohrd-ahn gohr deh?) Korleis går det? ("kor-leis gohr deh')

Fine, thank you. 

(Jo) takk, bare bra. (yoh tak, barae brah) (Jau) takk, berre bra ("Jauh tak, bere brah")

What is your name? 

Hva heter du? (Vah he-ter du) Kva heiter du? ("Kvah hei-ter du")

My name is ______ . 

Jeg heter ______ . (yei hee-ter _____ .) Eg heuter ("eg hei-ter")

Nice to meet you. 

Hyggelig å treffe deg. (Hygg-e-li å treff-e dei) Hyggjeleg å møte deg ("Hyggj-eleg å mø-te deg")

Please. 

Vær så snill. (...)

Thank you. 

Tusen takk. (...)

You're welcome. 

Bare hyggelig. (Bar-e hygg-e-li)
More like the english: my pleasure Berre hyggjeleg ("ber-e hyg-eleg")

Yes. 

Ja. (ya)

Yes (in reply/opposition to a no in a discussion). 

Jo. (yo) Jau. ("Ja-u")

No. 

Nei. (naye)

Excuse me. (getting attention) 

Unnskyld (meg). (Unn-shill mei) Orsak meg ("Or-sak meg")

Excuse me. (begging pardon) 

Unnskyld (meg). (Unn-shill mei) Orsak meg ("Or-sak meg")

I'm sorry. (for a slight mistake) 

Beklager (be-klag-er) Beklagar ("Be-kla-gar")

I'm sorry. (I really didn't mean it) 

Jeg beklager så mye (Jei be-klag-er så mye) Eg er lei for det ("Eg er leih for det")

I'm sorry. 

Jeg er lei meg. (Jei ær lei mei)
Not used nearly as often as in english, this sincerely means you are sorry, or can even be interpreted to mean you are sad (usually not associated with guilt). Eg er lei meg ("Eg er leih megh")

Goodbye 

Ha det bra! (Ha de bra) Farvel ("far-vel")

Goodbye (informal) 

Hade! (Ha-de)

It was nice seeing/meeting you. Goodbye. 

Det var hyggelig/hyggjeleg å treffe deg. Ha det bra! (De var hygg-e-li å treff-e dei. Ha de bra!)

I can't speak norwegian. 

Jeg/eg snakker/snakkar ikke/ikkje norsk. (Jei snakk-er ikk-e nåsjk)

I only know a little norwegian. 

Jeg/eg kan bare/berre litt norsk (Jei kan ba-re litt nåsjk)

Excuse me. Do you know how to speak English? 

Unnskyld, kan du snakke engelsk? (Unn-skyll, kan du snakk-e eng-elsk?)

Is there someone here who speaks English? 

Er det noen/nokon som kan snakke engelsk her? (Ær de no-en såm kann snakk-e eng-elsk hær?)

Help! 

Hjelp! (Yelp!)

Good morning. 

God morgen/morgon. (Go må-årn)
See hello above

Good evening. 

God kveld. (Go kvell)
See hello above

Good night. 

God natt. (Go natt)
Never used as a greeting, unless you you want to make a joke. This is potentially troublesome. If you must greet someone at night, use Hallo, Hei, or Hyggelig å møte deg (Nice to meet you), or even God dag (even though it's in the middle of night).

Good night (to sleep) 

God natt. (Go natt)

I don't understand (you). 

Jeg forstår [deg] ikke/ikkje. (Jei forst-år [dei] ikk-e)

Where is the toilet/bathroom? 

Hvor/Kvar er toalettet? (Vor ær toa-lett-et?)

May I borrow your pen? 

Kunne jeg/eg låne pennen din? (Kuhn-ne jæi lå-ne pennen din?)

Are there any good sights in the area? 

Finnes/Finnst det noen/nokon gode severdigheter/severdegheitar i området? (Fin-nes deh non god-he seværdi-het-er i åm-råde)

You are not Norwegian unless you know five names for different textures of snow 

Man/Ein er ikke/ikkje norsk med mindre man/ein kan navngi/namngje fem typer snø. (Mann ær ikke nåshk me mindre mann kann navnji femm typ-er snø)

Are they joking about these prizes? 

Skal jeg/eg tolke disse/dei her prisene/prisane som en/en spøk? (Skall jei tålke dis-se pris-ene såmm en spøk)

Where can I purchase a viking helmet? 

Hvor/Kvar kan jeg/eg kjøpe en/ein vikinghjelm? (Vohr kann jei ch[german: Chemie]ø-pe en vi-kingjelm)

[Modifica sezione] Problems

Leave me alone (please). 

Kan du (være så snill å) la meg være alene. (...)
Note: være så snill å means be so kind as to, directly translated, but there are no direct replacement for please. The english word is sometimes used if said imparatively or beggingly.

Don't touch me! 

Ikke rør meg! (...)

I'll call the police. 

Jeg ringer politiet. (...)
Note: This really means dial the police on the phone. Since there aren't many street cops in Norway, if it's really an emergency, it would make more sense to simply cry Hjelp! (Help), and hope a random person will come to your rescue.

Police! 

Politi! (...)
See above...

Stop! Thief! 

Stopp tyven! (...)

I need your help. 

Jeg trenger din hjelp. (...)
Might sound too strong. See below for a more reasonable alternative...

May I ask you for a little assistance? 

Kan jeg spørre deg om litt hjelp

It's an emergency. 

Det er et nødstilfelle. (...)

I'm lost. 

Jeg har gått meg bort. (...)
Even though this is under the problems section, this phrase comes out sounding like you have wandered the woods for days without food or rest, having no idea where you are or where to go (in which case it would be obvious anyway). Either that, or you're 5 year old, in which case getting lost from your parents is equally serious. See below for a more reasonable alternative. More neutral is "Jeg har gått meg vill"

Can you tell me where I am? 

Kan du si meg hvor jeg er? (...)

Can you tell me the way to ___? 

Kan du si meg veien til ___? (...)

I lost my ___. 

Jeg har mistet ___ [min (sg. m./f.)/mitt (sg. neu.)/mine (pl.)]. (...)
While almost any kind of carry-on item can be called bag in English, in Norwegian it means a duffle bag. You usually have to be more specific, here are a few alternatives, as part of this sentence, you should also read the part in parenthesis to get the grammar right.

* luggage = baggasje(n)
* suitcase = koffert(en)
* backpack = ryggsekk(en)
* duffle bag = bag(en)
* shoulder bag = skulderveske(n)
* handbag = håndveske(n)
* plastic bag = plastikkpose(n)
* computer bag = computer bag(en)
* handbag = håndveske(n)
* wallet = lommebok(en)
* child/children = barn(et)/barn(a) (I certainly hope not)

I'm sick. 

Jeg er syk. (...)

I've been injured. 

Jeg har blitt skadet. (...)

I've contracted an injuriy. 

Jeg har fått en skade. (...)

I need a doctor. 

Jeg trenger (å få treffe) en lege. (...)

Can I use (your) phone? 

Kan jeg få låne telefonen (din) litt? (...)

[Modifica sezione] Numbers

0 

null (...)

1 

en/ein (..)

2 

to (...)

3 

tre (...)

4 

fire (...)

5 

fem (femm)

6 

seks (sekks)

7 

sju (...)
Another variant (below) also in common use. New system

7 

syv (...)
Another variant (above) is slightly more common in some age groups and geographical regions. Old system

8 

åtte (...)

9 

ni (...)

10 

ti (...)

11 

elleve (ell-ve)

12 

tolv (tåll)

13 

tretten (...)

14 

fjorten (...)

15 

femten (...)

16 

seksten (seis-ten)

17 

sytten (søtt-en)

18 

atten (...)

19 

nitten (...)

20 

tjue (kju-e)
Note: Used in new counting system (see below)

20 

tyve (...)
Note: Used in old counting system (see below)

[Modifica sezione] 21 and on

Larger numbers than twenty can be written several ways in Norwegian. Sometimes each word is written separately. Sometimes hyphens are used. And sometimes, the whole number is written as one large word; there are two ways of counting from 21-99.

[Modifica sezione] New counting system

The new counting is what most people use nowadays. And probably what they would consider using to someone having problems understanding. This is what you should learn.

21 

tjue en (kju-e en)

22 

tjue to (...)

23 

tjue tre (...)

[Modifica sezione] Old counting system

The old counting system is slightly more illogical, but still quite a few people use it. Its popularity increases with the age of the speaker. Most people will probably revert to the new counting system if they realize the speaker is not fluent in norwegian, but here it is for completeness (In English this system has been used in the past, but a change analogous to the new system in Norwegian occurred a long time ago, so few realise this now, although the reminders exist in the teen numbers and the Four and twenty blackbirds nursery rhyme).

21 

en og tyve (en å tyv-e)

22 

to og tyve (to å tyv-e)

23 

tre og tyve (...)

30 

tredve (old system)

30 

tretti (...) (new system)

[Modifica sezione] Regardless of counting system

40 

førti (...)

50 

femti (...)

60 

seksti (...)

70 

sytti (...)

80 

åtti (...)

90 

nitti (...)

100 

(ett) hundre (...)

121 

(ett) hundre og 21 (100 å 21)

200 

to hundre (...)

300 

tre hundre (...)

1000 

ett tusen (...)

1021 

ett tusen og 21 (ett tu-sen å 21)

1100 

ett tusen ett hundre (ett tu-sen ett hun-dre)

1121 

ett tusen ett hundre og 21 (...)

2000 

to-tusen (...)

1,000,000 

en million (en milli-on)

number _____ (train, bus, etc.) 

nummer _____ (tog, buss, etc) (nomm-er)

half 

halv (hall)

less 

mindre (minn-dre)

more 

mer (...)

[Modifica sezione] Time

now 

nå (...)

later 

senere (...)

before 

tidligere (tid-li-ere)

morning 

morgen (må-årn)

afternoon 

ettermiddag (...)

evening 

kveld (kvell)

night 

natt (...)

[Modifica sezione] Clock time

Note that whenever you say one o'clock, you use ett instead of en.

[Modifica sezione] 24h system

The simplest way to say time is to use the 24 hour system.

08.00 

klokka åtte null null (...)

19.37 

klokka nitten tretti sju (..)

01.01 

klokka ett null en (...)

[Modifica sezione] 12 hour system

There is no universal AM/PM usage in norway. If people are not familiar enough with english to understand you saying the time in english, they will probably not understand AM or PM either. To disambiguate time, you can look at the section called Time (morning, evening, etc). It can be hard to choose the correct preposition/grammar to use for these (which depends a lot on context, past, future, etc), so the easiest is to simply append it after having said the time.

The clock-hour can be divided as follows

10.00 

klokka 10 (...)

10.05 

fem over 10 (femm åv-er ti)

10.10 

ti over 10 (...)

10.15 

kvart over 10 (...)

10.20 

ti på halv 11 (...)

10.25 

fem på halv 11 (...)

10.30 

halv 11 (hall 11)

10.35 

fem over halv 11 (...)

10.40 

ti over halv 11 (...)

10.45 

kvart på 11 (...)

10.50 

ti på 11 (...)

10.55 

fem på 11 (...)

[Modifica sezione] Duration

_____ minute(s) 

_____ minutt(er) (...)

_____ hour(s) 

_____ time(r) (...)

_____ day(s) 

_____ dag(er) (...)

_____ week(s) 

_____ uke(r) (...)

_____ month(s) 

_____ måned(er) (må-ned/månt-er)

_____ year(s) 

_____ år (...)

[Modifica sezione] Days

today 

i dag (...)

yesterday 

i går (...)

tomorrow 

i morgen (i må-årn)

this week 

denne uka (...)

last week 

forrige uke (fårr-je u-ke)

next week 

neste uke (...)

Sunday 

søndag (...)
(The week begins on a Monday in Norway, and days are not capitalised)

Monday 

mandag (...)

Tuesday 

tirsdag (...)

Wednesday 

onsdag (...)

Thursday 

torsdag (...)

Friday 

fredag (...)

Saturday 

lørdag (...)

[Modifica sezione] Months

January 

januar (...)

February 

februar (...)

March 

mars (...)

April 

april (...)

May 

mai (...)

June 

juni (...)

July 

juli (...)

August 

august (...)

September 

september (...)

October 

oktober (...)

November 

november (...)

December 

desember (...)

[Modifica sezione] Writing Time and Date

Jan 5. 1979 

5. jan. 1979

Jan 5. 1979 

5/1-1979

[Modifica sezione] Colors

black 

svart (...)

black 

sort (...)
Note: mostly archaic

white 

hvit (vit)

gray 

grå (...)

red 

rød (rø)

blue 

blå (...)

yellow 

gul (...)

green 

grønn (...)

orange 

orange (o-ransj)

purple 

lilla (...)

purple 

fiolett (...)

brown 

brun (...)

pink  

rosa (...)

[Modifica sezione] Transportation

[Modifica sezione] Bus and Train

How much is a ticket to _____? 

Hvor mye koster en billett til _____? (...)

One ticket to _____, please. 

Kan jeg få en billett til _____. (...)

Where does this train/bus go? 

Hvor går dette toget/denne bussen? (...)

Where is the train/bus to _____? 

Hvor finner jeg toget/bussen til _____? (...)

Does this train/bus stop in _____? 

Stopper dette toget/denne bussen i _____? (...)

When does the train/bus for _____ leave? 

Når reiser toget/bussen til _____? (...)

When will this train/bus arrive in _____? 

Når kommer vi fram til _____? (...)

[Modifica sezione] Directions

How do I get to _____ ? 

Hvordan kommer jeg til _____ ? (...)

...the train station? 

...togstasjonen? (...)

...the bus station? 

...bussholdeplassen? (...)

...the airport? 

...flyplassen? (...)

...downtown? 

...sentrum? (...)

...the youth hostel? 

...ungdomsherberget? (...)

...the _____ hotel? 

... _____ hotel? (...)

...the American/Canadian/Australian/British embassy/consulate? 

...den amerikanske/kanadiske/australske/britiske ambassade/konsulat? (...)

Where are there (a lot) of... 

Hvor kan jeg finne (mange)... (...)

...hotels? 

...hoteller? (...)

...restaurants? 

...restauranter? (res-tu-rang-er)

...bars? 

...barer? (...)

...sites to see? 

...turistattraksjoner? (tu-rist-att-rak-sjo-ner)

Can you show me ____ on the map? 

Kan du vise meg ___ på kartet? (...)

street 

gate/vei (...)

Turn left. 

Snu til venstre. (...)

Turn right. 

Snu til høyre. (...)

left 

venstre (venn-stre)

right 

høyre (høy-re)

straight ahead 

rett fram/rett framover (...)

towards the _____ 

mot _____ (...)

past the _____ 

forbi _____ (...)

before the _____ 

rett før _____ (...)

Watch for the _____. 

Se etter _____. (...)

intersection 

kryss (...)

roundabout 

rundkjøring (runn-kjø-ring)

north 

nord (nor)

south 

sør (...)

east 

øst (...)

west 

vest (...)

uphill 

oppover(bakke) (åpp-åv-er-bakk-e)

downhill 

nedover(bakke) (ned-åv-er-bakk-e)

[Modifica sezione] Taxi

Taxi! 

Taxi! (...)
Cultural note: Shouting or whistling for a taxi is considered rude in Norway, and drivers are likely to ignore you if you do. Wave your hand at, phone or simply walk up to one with a lighted sign on the roof.

Take me to _____, please. 

Kan du kjøre meg til _____. (...)

How much does it cost to get to _____? 

Hvor mye vil det koste å kjøre til _____? (...)
Note: Unless it's a really long (several hours) and thus ridiculously expensive drive where you can make a special deal with the driver, it's gonna cost as much as the meter shows. Expect an approximate reply if any.

Take me there, please. 

Kan du kjøre meg dit? (...)

[Modifica sezione] Lodging

Do you have any rooms available? 

Har du noen ledige rom? (...)

How much is a room for one person/two people? 

Hvor mye koster et enkelt/dobbelt-rom? (...)

Are bedsheets included in the price? 

Er sengetøy inkludert i prisen? (...)

I would like some bedsheets 

Kan jeg få med sengetøy? (...)

I don't need/I bring my own bedsheets 

Jeg trenger ikke/Jeg har mitt eget sengetøy (...)

Does the room come with... 

Har rommet ... (...)

...a bathroom? 

...eget bad? (...)

...a telephone? 

...egen telefon? (...)

...a TV? 

...TV? (te-ve)

May I see the room first? 

Kan jeg få se rommet først? (...)

Do you have anything _____? 

Har du et _____ rom? (...)

...quieter 

...mer stille (...)

...bigger 

...større (...)

...cleaner 

...renere (...)

...cheaper 

...billigere? (...)

OK, I'll take it. 

OK, jeg tar det. (o-kå, jei tar de)

I will stay for _____ night(s). 

Jeg blir her _____ natt/netter. (...)

Can you suggest another hotel? 

Har du et annet hotell å foreslå? (...)

Do you have a safe? 

Har du en safe? (har du en seif)

Do you have a locker? 

Har du ett låsbart skap? (...)

Is breakfast/supper included? 

Er frokost/middag inkludert? (...)

What time is breakfast/supper? 

Når er det frokost/middag? (...)

Please clean my room. 

Kan du vaske rommet mitt. (...)

Can you wake me at _____? 

Kan du vekke meg klokka _____? (...)

I want to check out. 

Kan jeg få sjekke ut nå?. (...)

[Modifica sezione] Money

Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? 

Godtar du amerikanske/australske/kanadiske dollar? (...)

Do you accept (British) pounds? 

Godtar du (britiske) pund? (Go-tar du brit-isk-e punn)

Do you accept credit cards? 

Godtar du kredittkort? (...)

Can you change money for me? 

Kan du hjelpe meg å veksle penger? (...)

Where can I get money changed? 

Hvor kan jeg få vekslet penger? (...)

Can you change a traveler's check for me? 

Kan du veksle en reisesjekk for meg? (...)

Where can I get a traveler's check changed? 

Hvor kan jeg få vekslet reisesjekker? (...)

What is the exchange rate for ___? 

Hva er valutakursen for ___? (...)

Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? 

Hvor er nærmeste minibank? (...)
ATM = minibank

[Modifica sezione] Eating

A table for one person/two people, please. 

Kan jeg få et bord for en/to personer? (...)

Can I look at the menu, please? 

Kan jeg får se på menyen? (...)

Can I look in the kitchen? 

Kan jeg få se kjøkkenet? (...)
Note: This is usually a grave insult. If you feel that bad about eating there, go somewhere else instead.

Is there a house specialty? 

Hva er spesialiteten deres? (...)

Is there a local specialty? 

Er det en lokal rett jeg bør smake på? (...)

I'm glutenintolerant. 

Jeg er glutenintolerant / Jeg har cøliaki (...)

I'm a vegetarian. 

Jeg er vegetarianer. (...)

I don't eat pork. 

Jeg spiser ikke svinekjøtt. (...)

I only eat kosher food. 

If this is a concern, try another country. Shechita is forbidden in Norway, and meat needs to be specially imported. Try to order fresh fish ("fersk fisk") or something vegetarian instead. Tell the waiter you are an orthodox jew ("ortodoks jøde"), and try to reach an understanding. You will have to compromise, as you can't expect the cook to keep a separate set of pans/knives/etc just for you. If it is a large expensive restaurant, they might be able to do so, but if you are very pedantic about this, you should prepare your own food from carefully selected food in grocery shops.

I'm on a diet. Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard) 

Jeg slanker meg. Kan jeg få så lite fett som mulig? (mindre olje/smør/fett) (...)

fixed-price meal 

dagens rett (...)

a la carté 

a la carté (...)

breakfast 

frokost (...)

lunch 

lunch (...)

tea (meal) 

kaffe og kaker (...)
Note: I believe the norwegian equivalent would be coffee and cakes. You could of course still order tea, if you prefer that.

supper 

middag (...)

I would like _____. 

Kan jeg få _____. (...)

I want a dish containing _____. 

Jeg vil ha en rett med _____. (...)

chicken 

kylling (kjyll-ing)

beef 

oksekjøtt (...)

fish 

fisk (...)

ham 

skinke (...)

sausage 

pølse (...)

cheese 

ost (...)

eggs 

egg (...)

salad 

salat (...)

(fresh) vegetables 

(ferske) grønnsaker (...)

(fresh) fruit 

(fersk) frukt (...)

bread 

brød (...)

toast 

ristet brød (...)

noodles 

nudler (...)

rice 

ris (...)

beans 

bønner (...)

May I have a glass of _____? 

Kan jeg få et glass _____? (...)

May I have a cup of _____? 

Kan jeg få en kopp _____? (...)

May I have a bottle of _____? 

Kan jeg få en flaske _____? (...)

coffee 

kaffe (...)

tea (drink) 

te (...)

juice 

juice (jus)

(bubbly) water 

farris (...)

water 

vann (...)

beer 

øl (...)

red/white wine 

rødvin/hvitvin (rø-vin/vit-vin)

May I have some _____? 

Kan jeg få litt _____? (...)

salt 

salt (...)

(black) pepper 

(sort) pepper (...)

butter 

smør (...)

Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server)

Unnskyld, kelner? (...)

I'm finished. 

Jeg er ferdig. (...)

It was delicious. 

Det smakte utmerket. (...)

Please clear the plates. 

Kan du ta med tallerknene. (...)

The check, please. 

Kan jeg få regningen?. (...)

[Modifica sezione] Bars

Do you serve alcohol? 

Serverer dere alkohol? (...)

Is there table service? 

Kommer dere til bordene? (...)

A beer/two beers, please. 

Kan jeg få en/to øl? (...)

A glass of red/white wine, please. 

Kan jeg få et/to glass rødvin/hvitvin? (...)

A pint, please. 

Kan jeg få en halvliter? (hall-i-ter)

In a bottle, please. 

Kan jeg få det på flaske? (...)

_____ (hard liquor) and _____ (mixer), please. 

Kan jeg få _____ og _____? (...)

whiskey 

whiskey (...)

vodka 

vodka (...)

rum 

rom (romm)

water 

vann (...)

club soda 

club soda (...)

tonic water 

tonic (...)

orange juice 

appelsin juice (app-el-sin jus)

Coke (soda) 

Cola (brus) (...)

Do you have any bar snacks? 

Har du noe barsnacks? (...)

One more, please. 

Kan jeg få en til?. (...)

Another round, please. 

En runde til! (...)

When is closing time? 

Når stenger dere? (...)

[Modifica sezione] Shopping

Do you have this in my size? 

Har du denne i min størrelse? (...)

How much is this(that)? 

Hvor mye koster denne(den)? (...)

That's too expensive. 

Det er for dyrt. (...)

Would you take _____? 

Ville du godtatt _____? (...)
Note: Bargaining or haggling prices will in most cases get you nothing but puzzled looks and/or angry vendors. The price is on the tag, and unless the item you want is damaged or highly overpriced (higher than usual in Norway) haggling will usually not get you anywhere.

expensive 

dyrt (...)

cheap 

billig (...)

I can't afford it. 

Jeg har desverre ikke råd. (...)

I don't want it. 

Nei, jeg trenger den ikke. (...)

(I think) You're cheating me. 

(Jeg tror) Du lurer meg. (...)
I would strongly advice against telling anyone this, unless you are quite confident it's true. Even then, I think it would be better to consult a native third-party before you start throwing allegetions around.

I'm not interested. 

Desverre, jeg er ikke interresert. (..)

OK, I'll take it. 

OK, jeg tar den. (...)

Can I have a bag? 

Kan jeg få en pose? (...)

Do you ship to ____? 

Kan du sende ting til ___? (...)

I need... 

Jeg trenger... (...)

...toothpaste. 

...tannpasta. (...)

...a toothbrush. 

...en tannbørste. (tann-bøsj-te)

...tampons. 

...tamponger. (...)

...soap. 

...såpe. (...)

...shampoo. 

...shampoo. (sjam-po)

...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen) 

...smertestillende. (f.eks Dispril eller Ibux) (...)

...cold medicine. 

...hostesaft. (...)
translates back to cough lemonade. If that doesn't come close to what you need, go to a doctor.

...stomach medicine. 

...???. (...)
Go to a drugstore (norwegian: "apotek"), or doctor (norwegian: "lege"), and explain your condition.

...a razor. 

...en barberhøvel. (...)

...an umbrella. 

...en paraply. (...)

...sunscreen lotion 

...solkrem (...)

...sunblock lotion. 

...sunblock. (...)

...a postcard. 

...ett postkort. (...)

...postage stamps. 

...frimerker. (...)

...batteries. 

...batterier. (...)

...writing paper. 

...skrivepapir/brevpapir. (...)

...a pen. 

...en penn. (...)

...English-language books. 

...engelske bøker. (...)

...English-language magazines. 

...engelske blader. (...)

...an English-language newspaper. 

...en engelsk avis. (...)

...an English-Norwegian dictionary. 

...en engelsk-norsk ordbok. (...)

[Modifica sezione] Driving

I want to rent a car. 

Kan jeg få leie en bil? (...)

Can I get insurance? 

Kan jeg få forsikring? (...)

stop (on a street sign) 

stop (...)

one way 

enveiskjørt/enveiskjøring (...)

yield 

vikeplikt (...)

no parking 

parkering forbudt (...)

speed limit 

fartsgrense (...)

gas (petrol) station 

bensinstasjon (...)

petrol 

bensin (...)

diesel 

diesel (...)

[Modifica sezione] Authority

I haven't done anything wrong. 

Jeg har ikke gjort noe galt. (...)

It was a misunderstanding. 

Det var en misforståelse. (...)

Where are you taking me? 

Hvor tar dere meg? (...)

Am I under arrest? 

Er jeg arrestert? (...)

I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. 

Jeg er en amerikansk/australsk/britisk/kanadisk statsborger. (...)

I demand to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. 

Jeg forlanger å få snakke med den amerikanske/australske/britiske/kanadiske ambassade/konsulat (...)

I want to talk to a lawyer. 

Jeg vil ha en advokat. (...)

Can I just pay a fine now? 

Kan jeg bare betale boten nå? (...)
Note: Usually you can't. That would mean bribery was accepted. One exception; public transportation in Oslo (maybe elsewhere too) if you forgot to buy a ticket.