The Om mani padme hum mantra in Tibetan
Tibetan is the main language of Tibet, and its accompanying regions and among overseas Tibetan communities around the world. Tibetan is spoken by several million people in the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) of the Chinese People’s Republic, the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan, as well as the neighboring countries Bhutan (around 4,000 speakers), India (over 124,000 speakers), and Nepal (around 60,000 speakers). Written Tibetan is used as the religious language in the countries where Tibetan Lamaistic Buddhism is practiced (e.g. in Mongolia and parts of China proper). Tibetan communities also exist in Taiwan, Norway, Switzerland and the United States of America.
Pronunciation guide
Tibetan spelling and pronunciation diverged around the 11th century, and there is no widely agreed standard on how to spell phonetic Tibetan with the Latin alphabet.
Vowels
- ཨ
- Like "a" in "alone"; like "a" in "cat" (a).
- ཷ
- Like "aw" in "paw" (å).
- ེ
- Like "e" in "bet" (e).
- ི
- Like "i" in "in" (i).
- ཱི
- Like "ee" in "seen" (í).
- ོ
- Like "o" in "so" (ó).
- ྲྀ
- Like "e" in "father" (ö).
- ཱུ
- Like "ue" in "glue" (ú).
- ུ
- Like "oo" in "soon" (ū).
- ུ
- Like "ee" in "seen" but with rounded lips (ü).
- ེ
- Like "ay" in "day" (ą).
Consonants
- ཀ
- Like "k" in "skill" (k).
- ག
- Like "g" in "garden" (g).
- ང
- Like "ng" in "sing" (ng).
- ཅ
- Like "ch" in "charge" (ç).
- ཇ
- Like "j" in "jar" (j).
- ཉ
- Like "ny" in "canyon" (ñ).
- ཏ
- Like "t" in "stop" (t).
- པ
- Like "p" in "spot" (p).
- ཙ
- Like "ts" in "weights" (ţ).
- ཛ
- Like "ds" in "adds" (ds).
- ཟ
- Like "z" in "zoo" (z).
- ཞ
- Like "s" in "treasure" (ž).
- ར
- Must be trilled - just like Italian "r" (r).
- ས
- Like "s" in "suck" (s).
- ཤ
- Like "sh" in "shut" (š).
Common diphthongs
- ཁ
- Like "k" in "kill" (kh).
- ཆ
- Like "ch h" in "punch hard" (çh).
- ཐ
- Like "t" in "time" (th).
- ཕ
- Like "p" in "pit" (ph).
- ཚ
- Like "ts h" in "fights hard" (ţh).
Phrase list
Some phrases in this phrasebook still need to be translated. If you know anything about this language, you can help by plunging forward and translating a phrase.
Basics
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Common signs
- OPEN
- Kha chad
- CLOSED
- Kha gyabpa
- ENTRANCE
- Go xhugsa
- EXIT
- Go Dhonsa
- PUSH
- Bigyar gyab
- PULL
- Than
- TOILET
- Sangchod
- MEN
- Pho mi
- WOMEN
- Mo mo
- FORBIDDEN
-
| Jyed machogpa
- Hello.
- Tashi deleg ()
- Hello. (informal)
- ()
- How are you?
- Khye-rang ku-zug de-po yin-pe ()
- Fine, thank you.
- De-po yin. Thug je che.
- What is your name?
- Khye-rang gi tshen-la ga-re zhu-gi yod? ()Or Khedrand ming Gangyin.
- My name is ______ .
- Ngai ming ABC yin.
- Nice to meet you.
- Khye-rang jel-ney ga-po joong ()
- Please.
- Thuk-je zig ()
- Thank you.
- Thuk-je-che ()
- You're welcome.
- ()Yin dang yin
- Yes.
- Red
- No.
- Ma-red
- Excuse me.
gong-pa-ma-tsom / gong-ta
- I'm sorry.
- Gong dag
- Goodbye
- Chagpo nang, as in take care
Shug dan ja (when other person is staying):
kha-lay-pheb (when other person is going)
- I can't speak name of language [well].
-
nga pö-kay yak-po kyab gi mey
- Do you speak English?
-
khye-rang yin-ji-kay rgyab thub gi yin pe?
- Is there someone here who speaks English?
- Dhir Engi shenyan yod Pai.
- Help!
- Rog pa jed
- Look out!
- Phar toe
- Good morning.
- ngado deleg
- Good evening.
- gondo deleg
- Good night.
- Sim shag nang
- Good night
- I don't understand.
- Nai she gyi med
ha kho gi mey
- Where is the toilet?
-
Sang chod gawa yod red.
Problems
Numbers
One
Chig
Two
Nyi
Three
Sum
Four
Zhi
Five
Nga
Six
Dug
Seven
Dun
Eight
Gyed
Nine
Gu
Ten
Chu
Twenty
Nyi-shu
Thirty
Sum-chu
Forty
Zhi-chu
Fifty
Nga-chu
One Hundred
Gya tham-pa
===Time===Due tsod
====Clock time====chutsod duetsod
====Duration====ring, kab
====Days====nyin ma
====Months====dawa
Writing time and date
yige dipai due dang tse
Colors
Transportation
Bus and train
Directions
Taxi
Lodging
Money
Eating
Bars
Shopping
Driving
Authority
Learning more
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