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| | [[Image:Sign OmManiPadmeHum.JPG|thumb|240px|The ''Om mani padme hum'' mantra in Tibetan]] | | [[Image:Sign OmManiPadmeHum.JPG|thumb|240px|The ''Om mani padme hum'' mantra in Tibetan]] |
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| − | '''Tibetan''' is the main language of [[Tibet]] and among Tibetan communities around the world. | + | '''Tibetan''' is the main language of [[Tibet]], and its accompanying regions and among overseas Tibetan communities around the world. Tibetan is spoken by several million people in the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) of the Chinese People’s Republic, the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan, as well as the neighboring countries Bhutan (around 4,000 speakers), India (over 124,000 speakers), and Nepal (around 60,000 speakers). Written Tibetan is used as the religious language in the countries where Tibetan Lamaistic Buddhism is practiced (e.g. in Mongolia and parts of China proper). Tibetan communities also exist in Taiwan, Norway, Switzerland and the United States of America. |
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| | ==Pronunciation guide== | | ==Pronunciation guide== |
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| | ===Vowels=== | | ===Vowels=== |
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| − | ; ཨ : Like "a" in "alone" (a). | + | ; ཨ : Like "a" in "alone"; like "a" in "cat" (a). |
| | ; ཷ : Like "aw" in "paw" (å). | | ; ཷ : Like "aw" in "paw" (å). |
| | ; ེ : Like "e" in "bet" (e). | | ; ེ : Like "e" in "bet" (e). |
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| | ; ཟ : Like "z" in "zoo" (z). | | ; ཟ : Like "z" in "zoo" (z). |
| | ; ཞ : Like "s" in "treasure" (ž). | | ; ཞ : Like "s" in "treasure" (ž). |
| − | ; ར : A throaty "r", not rolled (r). | + | ; ར : Must be trilled - just like Italian "r" (r). |
| | ; ས : Like "s" in "suck" (s). | | ; ས : Like "s" in "suck" (s). |
| | ; ཤ : Like "sh" in "shut" (š). | | ; ཤ : Like "sh" in "shut" (š). |
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| | ==Phrase list== | | ==Phrase list== |
| | + | {{phrase}} |
| | | | |
| | ===Basics=== | | ===Basics=== |
| | {{infobox|Common signs| | | {{infobox|Common signs| |
| − | ; OPEN : Open | + | ; OPEN : Kha chad |
| − | ; CLOSED : Closed | + | ; CLOSED : Kha gyabpa |
| − | ; ENTRANCE : Entrance | + | ; ENTRANCE :Go xhugsa |
| − | ; EXIT : Exit | + | ; EXIT : Go Dhonsa |
| − | ; PUSH : Push | + | ; PUSH : Bigyar gyab |
| − | ; PULL : Pull | + | ; PULL : Than |
| − | ; TOILET : Toilet | + | ; TOILET :Sangchod |
| − | ; MEN : Men | + | ; MEN : Pho mi |
| − | ; WOMEN : Women | + | ; WOMEN : Mo mo |
| − | ; FORBIDDEN : Forbidden}} | + | ; FORBIDDEN : }}Jyed machogpa |
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| − | ; Hello. : Hello. (''HEH-low'') | + | ; Hello. : Tashi deleg (བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས) |
| − | ; Hello. (''informal'') : Hi. (''HIGH'') | + | ; Hello. (''informal'') : Demu (བདེ་མོ།) |
| − | ; How are you? : How are you? (''HOW ah YOO?'') | + | ; How are you? : Khye-rang ku-zug de-po yin-pe () |
| − | ; Fine, thank you. : Fine, thank you. (''FIGHN, then KYOO'') | + | ; Fine, thank you. : De-po yin. Thug je che. |
| − | ; What is your name? : What is your name? (''WUT iz yer NAYM?'') | + | ; What is your name? : Khye-rang gi tshen-la ga-re zhu-gi yod? ()Or Khedrand ming Gangyin. |
| − | ; My name is ______ . : My name is ______ . (''Migh NAYM iz _____ .'') | + | ; My name is ______ . : Ngai ming ___ yin. |
| − | ; Nice to meet you. : Nice to meet you. (''NIGHSS t' meet YOO'') | + | ; Nice to meet you. : Khye-rang jel-ney ga-po joong () |
| − | ; Please. : Please. (''pleez'') | + | ; Please. : Thuk-je zig () |
| − | ; Thank you. : Thank you. (''THANK yoo'') | + | ; Thank you. : Thuk-je-che (ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ།) |
| − | ; You're welcome. : You're welcome. (''yuhr WEL-kuhm'') | + | ; You're welcome. : ()Yin dang yin |
| − | ; Yes. : Yes. (''YESS'') | + | ; Yes. : Red (རེད།) |
| − | ; No. : No. (''NOH'') | + | ; No. : Ma-red |
| − | ; Excuse me. (''getting attention'') : Excuse me. (''ehkz-KYOOZ mee'') | + | ; Excuse me. |
| − | ; Excuse me. (''begging pardon'') : Excuse me. (''ehkz-KYOOZ mee'')
| + | gong-pa-ma-tsom / gong-ta |
| − | ; I'm sorry. : I'm sorry. (''IGHM SAW-ree'') | + | ; I'm sorry. : Gong dag |
| − | ; Goodbye : Goodbye. (''GUHD-bigh.'') | + | ; Goodbye : Chagpo nang, as in take care |
| − | ; Goodbye (''informal'') : Bye. (''BIGH'')
| + | Shug dan ja (when other person is staying): |
| − | ; I can't speak ''name of language'' [well]. : I can't speak English [well]. (''IGH cant speek ING-lush [wehl]'') | + | kha-lay-pheb (when other person is going) |
| − | ; Do you speak English? : Do you speak English? (''doo YOO speek ING-lush?'') | + | ; I can't speak ''name of language'' [well]. : |
| − | ; Is there someone here who speaks English? : Is there someone here who speaks English? (''IZ thayr SUM-wun heer hoo speekz ING-lush?'') | + | nga pö-kay yak-po kyab gi mey |
| − | ; Help! : Help! (''HEHLP!'') | + | ; Do you speak English? : |
| − | ; Look out! : Look out! (''look OWT!'') | + | khye-rang yin-ji-kay rgyab thub gi yin pe? |
| − | ; Good morning. : Good morning. (''guhd MOAN-ing'') | + | ; Is there someone here who speaks English? : Dhir Engi shenyan yod Pai. |
| − | ; Good evening. : Good evening. (''guhd EEV-ning'') | + | ; Help! : Rog pa jed |
| − | ; Good night. : Good night. (''guhd NIGHT'') | + | ; Look out! : Phar toe |
| − | ; Good night (''to sleep'') : Good night. (''good NIGHT'') | + | ; Good morning. :ngado deleg |
| − | ; I don't understand. : I don't understand. (''IGH doan UHN-dur-STAND'') | + | ; Good evening. : gondo deleg |
| − | ; Where is the toilet? : Where is the toilet? (''WAYR iz thuh TOY-leht?'') | + | ; Good night. : Sim shag nang |
| | + | ; Good night |
| | + | ; I don't understand. : Nai she gyi med |
| | + | ha kho gi mey |
| | + | ; Where is the toilet? : |
| | + | Sang chod gawa yod red. |
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| | ===Problems=== | | ===Problems=== |
| | | | |
| | ===Numbers=== | | ===Numbers=== |
| | + | '''One''' |
| | + | Chig |
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| − | ===Time===
| + | '''Two''' |
| | + | Nyi |
| | | | |
| − | ====Clock time====
| + | '''Three''' |
| | + | Sum |
| | | | |
| − | ====Duration====
| + | '''Four''' |
| | + | Zhi |
| | | | |
| − | ====Days====
| + | '''Five''' |
| | + | Nga |
| | | | |
| − | ====Months==== | + | '''Six''' |
| | + | Dug |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Seven''' |
| | + | Dun |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Eight''' |
| | + | Gyed |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Nine''' |
| | + | Gu |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Ten''' |
| | + | Chu |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Twenty''' |
| | + | Nyi-shu |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Thirty''' |
| | + | Sum-chu |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Forty''' |
| | + | Zhi-chu |
| | + | |
| | + | '''Fifty''' |
| | + | Nga-chu |
| | + | |
| | + | '''One Hundred''' |
| | + | Gya tham-pa |
| | + | |
| | + | ===Time===Due tsod |
| | + | |
| | + | ====Clock time====chutsod duetsod |
| | + | |
| | + | ====Duration====ring, kab |
| | + | |
| | + | ====Days====nyin ma |
| | + | |
| | + | ====Months====dawa |
| | | | |
| | ====Writing time and date==== | | ====Writing time and date==== |
| | + | yige dipai due dang tse |
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| | ===Colors=== | | ===Colors=== |
| | + | tseun dok ཚོན་མདོག |
| | + | Blue སྔོན་པོ་ |
| | + | ngeun po |
| | + | Yellow སེར་པོ་ |
| | + | ser po |
| | + | Green ལྗང་ཁུ་ |
| | + | jang koo |
| | + | Red དམར་པོ་ |
| | + | mar po |
| | + | Brown |
| | + | gyar mook |
| | + | Black ནག་པོ་ |
| | + | nak po |
| | + | Orange ལི་ཝང་ |
| | + | li wang |
| | + | White དཀར་པོ་ |
| | + | kar po |
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| | ===Transportation=== | | ===Transportation=== |
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| | ===Eating=== | | ===Eating=== |
| | + | Bon appetit! ཞལ་ལག་མཉེས་པོ་ནང་གོ |
| | + | shelak nye po nang ko |
| | + | delicious ཞིམ་པོ་ སྤྼོ་པོ་(H) |
| | + | shimpo t(r)opo (H) |
| | + | meal གསོལ་ཚིགས |
| | + | sol tsi' |
| | + | meal, food ཁ་ལག ཞལ་ལག |
| | + | kalak, shelak |
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| | ===Bars=== | | ===Bars=== |
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| − | {{outline}} | + | {{outlinephrasebook}} |
| | + | {{phrasebookguide}} |
| | + | |
| | + | == Learning more == |
| | + | * [http://www.wiki-babel.org/en/Lesson:Bod:1:Numbers_-_1_to_10 Listen to tibetan numbers on WikiBabel] |
Tibetan spelling and pronunciation diverged around the 11th century, and there is no widely agreed standard on how to spell phonetic Tibetan with the Latin alphabet.
Shug dan ja (when other person is staying):
kha-lay-pheb (when other person is going)
Sang chod gawa yod red.