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Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980 with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency.

[edit] Geography

Location 

Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, east of Puerto Rico

Geographic coordinates 

18 15 N, 63 10 W

Map references 

Central America and the Caribbean

Area 

total: 102 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 102 sq km

Area - comparative 

about half the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries 

0 km

Coastline 

61 km

Maritime claims 

exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM

Climate 

tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds

Terrain 

flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone

Elevation extremes 

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m

Natural resources 

salt, fish, lobster

Land use 

arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (1998 est.)

Irrigated land 

NA sq km

Natural hazards 

frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)

Environment - current issues 

supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system

Geography - note 

the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles

[edit] People

Population 

12,446 (July 2002 est.)

Age structure 

0-14 years: 25% (male 1,575; female 1,529)
15-64 years: 68.1% (male 4,356; female 4,124)
65 years and over: 6.9% (male 383; female 479) (2002 est.)

Population growth rate 

2.44% (2002 est.)

Birth rate 

14.94 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate 

5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Net migration rate 

15.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Sex ratio 

at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Infant mortality rate 

23.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Life expectancy at birth 

total population: 76.5 years
female: 79.5 years (2002 est.)
male: 73.6 years

Total fertility rate 

1.77 children born/woman (2002 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate 

NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS 

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths 

NA

Nationality 

noun: Anguillan(s)
adjective: Anguillan

Ethnic groups 

black (predominant), mulatto, white

Religions 

Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12%

Languages 

English (official)

Literacy 

definition: age 12 and over can read and write
total population: 95%
male: 95%
female: 95% (1984 est.)

[edit] Government

Country name 

conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Anguilla

Dependency status 

overseas territory of the UK

Government type 

NA

Capital 

The Valley

Administrative divisions 

none (overseas territory of the UK)

Independence 

none (overseas territory of the UK)

National holiday 

Anguilla Day, 30 May

Constitution 

Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990

Legal system 

based on English common law

Suffrage 

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch 

chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Peter JOHNSTONE (since NA February 2000)
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
head of government: Chief Minister Osbourne FLEMING (since 3 March 2000)
cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor from among the elected members of the House of Assembly

Legislative branch 

unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members, and 2 appointed; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 3 March 2000 (next to be held NA June 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ANA 3, AUP 2, ADP 1, independent 1

Judicial branch 

High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)

Political parties and leaders 

Anguilla United Party or AUP [Hubert HUGHES]; The United Front or UF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA

Political pressure groups and leaders 

NA

International organization participation 

Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS (associate), ECLAC (associate)

Diplomatic representation in the US 

none (overseas territory of the UK)

Diplomatic representation from the US 

none (overseas territory of the UK)

Flag description 

blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below

[edit] Economy

Economy - overview 

Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry, which has spurred the growth of the construction sector, has contributed to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small, but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions.

GDP 

purchasing power parity - $104 million (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate 

0% (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita 

purchasing power parity - $8,600 (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector 

agriculture: 4%
industry: 18%
services: 78% (1997 est.)

Population below poverty line 

NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share 

lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 

2.3%

Labor force 

6,735 (1999) (1999)

Labor force - by occupation 

commerce 36%, services 29%, construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, manufacturing 3%, agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%

Unemployment rate 

8% (1999) (1999)

Budget 

revenues: $20.4 million
expenditures: $23.3 million, including capital expenditures of $3.8 million

Industries 

tourism, boat building, offshore financial services

Industrial production growth rate 

3.1%

Electricity - production 

45.85 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source 

fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA%
other: NA%
nuclear: NA%

Electricity - consumption 

42.6 million kWh

Agriculture - products 

small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising

Exports 

$2.6 million (1999)

Exports - commodities 

lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum

Exports - partners 

UK, US, Puerto Rico

Imports 

$80.9 million (1999)

Imports - commodities 

fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, textiles

Imports - partners 

US, Puerto Rico, UK

Debt - external 

$8.8 million (1998)

Economic aid - recipient 

$3.5 million (1995)

Currency 

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Currency code 

XCD

Exchange rates 

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Fiscal year 

1 April - 31 March

[edit] Communications

Telephones - main lines in use 

4,974 (2000)

Telephones - mobile cellular 

1,629 (2000)

Telephone system 

general assessment: NA
domestic: modern internal telephone system
international: microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles)

Radio broadcast stations 

AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)

Radios 

3,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations 

1 (1997)

Televisions 

1,000 (1997)

Internet country code 

.ai

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 

16 (2000)

Internet users 

919 (2000)

[edit] Transportation

Railways 

0 km

Highways 

total: 105 km
paved: 65 km
unpaved: 40 km (1998 est.)

Waterways 

none

Ports and harbors 

Blowing Point, Road Bay

Merchant marine 

none (2002 est.)

Airports 

3 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways 

total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways 

total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2002)

[edit] Military

Military - note 

defense is the responsibility of the UK

[edit] Transnational Issues

Disputes - international 

none

Illicit drugs 

transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe